In 2018, the semiconductor industry was focused on not only the upcoming mass production of 7nm FinFET technology but also the development of 5nm process nodes that would integrate extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. However, alongside these advanced processes, foundries were also paying close attention to the growing demand for low-power and low-cost components in the wide-area, all-encompassing Internet of Things (IoT) market. This led to a strong emphasis on various low-end process technologies tailored for IoT applications.
For instance, TSMC offered solutions like 16nm and 12nm FinFET Compact (FFC), 22nm ultra-low power (ULP), 28nm High Performance Computing (HPC)/HPC+, and 40nm ULP/LP. Intel introduced its 22nm low-power FinFET (22FFL) process, while GlobalFoundries provided 28nm High Performance Plus (HPP)/Super Low Power (SLP), 22FDX, and Samsung developed 28nm FDSOI, LPP, and LPH. These technologies were specifically designed to meet the diverse needs of the IoT market.
One key distinction between GlobalFoundries' FDX series and Samsung's FD-SOI process is the use of "fully depleted silicon-on-insulator" (FD-SOI) technology. This innovation, first promoted by the SOI Industry Consortium and supported by companies like ST, IBM, GlobalFoundries, and Samsung, allows for performance comparable to next-generation FinFETs at lower costs and risks. The 28nm and 22nm nodes demonstrated this potential effectively.
So, what makes FD-SOI stand out? Unlike the 3D structure of FinFETs, FD-SOI is a planar process. According to ST’s technical data, FD-SOI features two major innovations: an ultra-thin buried oxide (BOX) layer placed beneath the silicon substrate, and an ultra-thin silicon film on the transistor channel. Because of this thinness, doping is unnecessary, allowing the transistor to achieve complete depletion. This combination is known as “ultra-thin body and buried oxide FD-SOI†(UTBB-FD-SOI).
ST claims that FD-SOI offers superior electrostatic characteristics compared to traditional bulk silicon. The buried oxide layer reduces parasitic capacitance between the source and drain, significantly minimizing leakage current and improving component performance. Additionally, FD-SOI allows for substrate bias control, similar to bulk silicon, but with better efficiency due to its unique structure.
Unlike bulk silicon, where substrate bias is limited, FD-SOI enables higher substrate bias voltages, allowing dynamic control of the transistor. A positive substrate bias (forward body bias) can increase switching speed, optimizing both performance and power consumption. This flexibility makes FD-SOI ideal for power-sensitive applications like wearable devices and portable electronics.
According to Handel Jones from International Business Strategies (IBS), using the 28nm FD-SOI process can reduce chip costs by 3% compared to bulk CMOS, and at 20nm, the cost savings jump to 30%. The FD-SOI process also has a 10–12% lower complexity than bulk CMOS. At the 20nm node, FD-SOI offers a 20% cost advantage, and at 28nm, it provides 15% better performance than 20nm bulk CMOS.
Moreover, FD-SOI excels in energy efficiency, especially under high and low Vdd conditions. Its lower leakage current and better immunity to alpha particles make it more reliable and efficient in memory applications. With its balance of performance, power efficiency, and cost-effectiveness, FD-SOI remains a compelling choice for the evolving IoT landscape.
Single Phase UPS
Single Phase UPS provides backup power for small businesses, home offices, and critical equipment, ensuring continuous operation during power outages.
Features of single phase UPS include:
1. Automatic voltage regulation (AVR): This feature stabilizes the output voltage of the UPS, ensuring a constant and reliable power supply to the connected equipment.
2. Battery backup: Single phase UPS systems are equipped with batteries that provide backup power in the event of a power outage. This allows the connected equipment to continue operating without interruption.
3. Surge protection: UPS systems also offer surge protection to safeguard the connected equipment from power surges and spikes.
4. Monitoring and management: Some single phase UPS systems come with monitoring and management capabilities, allowing users to monitor the UPS status, battery level, and other important parameters.
5. Energy efficiency: Many modern single phase UPS systems are designed to be energy-efficient, helping users save on energy costs.
Usage of single phase UPS:
Single phase UPS systems are commonly used in homes, small businesses, and offices to protect computers, servers, networking equipment, and other critical electronic devices from power disruptions. They are also used in industrial settings to protect machinery and equipment from power disturbances.
Overall, single phase UPS systems play a crucial role in ensuring the reliability and availability of power to sensitive electronic equipment, making them an essential component of any power protection strategy.
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