After watching this video, we learned that the original polygraph would also lie

Since the birth of mankind, in order to survive and develop, they have learned to deceive each other and lying has become the instinct of human self-protection.

Humanity has been making unremitting efforts to identify truth and lies and find the truth. No way, because humans have been telling the truth all the time and have been telling lies. . .

In ancient times, people used subjective judgments to identify lies because of the limited level of knowledge and beliefs of the people at that time.

The most typical ones are: oaths, water audits, fire audits, lotteries, divination and so on. As in the ancient India’s Ramayana:

After a long period of time, mankind’s constant efforts, the way of polygraph detection, have evolved from the subjective approach of ancient lie detectors to the way of subjective and objective integration through modern high-tech means. Today, the polygraph has become one of the mainstream lie detectors.

Goose ~

Xiao Bian wants to tell you today.

Lie detectors can lie too!

Ha ha ~ do not believe?

Then let Xiaobian give you a science app!

Wait, let me check the information...

Before the invention of the polygraph, in addition to using theological theories to distinguish, it is relatively scientific to detect lies based on some simple psychological tactics. For example, in the ancient times, the Oriental “chew rice method”, “God donkey method” and “Fuzzy Bell confessed thief”, the British “poison tongue lie detection method”.

In ancient China, the "five-tone hearing method" was a more comprehensive summary and application of psychological and physical relationships. These methods all prove that people's psychological state is reflected by physiological phenomena. These theories also became the basis for the appearance of polygraphs.

In 1921, John Augustus Larson worked with Leonarde Keeler at the police station in Berwick, California to develop a record of changes in blood pressure, pulse amplitude, and breathing patterns. The portable test instrument was first applied to the detection of a theft case in the city of Beli, and it was a success. This is the world’s first dual-guidance psychological tester for specialized criminal investigations. Its main function is to detect the physiological response of the subject when answering questions. The following figure shows Leonarde Keeler testing his improved polygraph in the 1930s.

The term “polygraph” was originally derived from an advertisement. On October 8, 1938, the US “Saturday Post” first used a “lie detector” to make commercial advertisements for the instrument. The content of the advertisement was mainly based on the work of psychological test expert Dr. William Marston. Attached to Dr. Marston's work photos. Since then, the concept of "polygraph" has only begun to prevail.

Let’s take a look at what the polygraph looks like in different periods:

Today, the polygraph's invention and its application of polygraph technology have evolved into disciplines involving experimental psychology, emotional psychology, physiological psychology, electronic technology, computer technology, pretrial science, technology prevention and invention science. An interdisciplinary discipline in the field - polygraph.

The frontier of polygraph research and design is not only supplemented by computer processing, but the recorded physiological indicators are as few as 2 and as many as 12.

Oh my god ~ It sounds like tall! Anyway, Xiao Bian is not a lie detector, I don't understand it.

The polygraph process corresponding to the development of the polygraph is even more complicated. Generally, the polygrapher compiles a set of questions according to the facts of the case and asks the person to be measured one by one. The instrument detects the physiological response to the question. The polygraph tester must first test the target of the lie, and learn the basic level of certain physiological indicators of the target. Then it puts forward a series of questions, analyzes and integrates the data before and after, and makes judgments. Repeatedly asked one by one for several times, the irritated feelings of the subjects affected the results. Therefore, the preparation of a polygraph test is a highly technical task. It is by no means a problem for anybody to find a problem.

Of course, the polygraph is not a panacea. In the American film "Instinct," police detectives are blasphemous on the polygraph, and Shaw Stone's Cha Kafu has passed the polygraph easily. Tested, although she is indeed the murderer. This situation also exists in large numbers in reality.

Because the lie detector's efficiency and credibility of lie detection are affected by various factors, including the emotions of the subjects, the mind, the cost-effectiveness of the polygraph, intelligence and sensitivity, and operation. In addition, whether the polygraph examiner presses The order operations, attitudes, ordering of questions and the quality of the questions also influence the accuracy of the lie detector tests. When there is a problem in any one of these links, the result of the polygraph test will not be accurate.

Too complicated! Right!

In reality, the lie detector is judged by people.

A director of the Technical Evaluation Center of the US Congress pointed out that the polygraph itself cannot detect fraud, and it is not so much a detection of lies as it is used to detect cowards. Based on this, the United States banned the use of psychological test results as forensic evidence in 1923, and by 1976 there were 30 state courts permitting the use of psychological test results, but psychological tests were required to be conducted with the consent of the person.

And people believe that the polygraph is sure to be able to detect lies. This is because the admiration of many media has made polygraphs on the high platform! The now more popular game polygraph is also a product of people’s blind faith in the polygraph.

But human beings are so complicated creatures, how can a few simple data of lie detectors completely guess whether people are lying or not?

A program called Adam Ruins everything also commented on the polygraph. Although it was extreme, it still makes sense.

It is always a huge misunderstanding to detect lie detectors. In fact, when it comes to determining whether a person is lying or not, a polygraph is just a tool for aiding judgment in the process of polygraph detection. When you completely To believe the data of the polygraph without rational judgment, then it is just a bunch of data.

[This article comes from the Tencent News client from the media, does not represent the views and positions of Tencent News. 】

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