Lithium battery is the weakest part of the whole digital equipment ecosystem. The endurance capability has become a huge challenge. Before the application of new battery technology better than lithium battery, how to realize the rapid charging of lithium battery becomes the key to solve the problem. In addition to Samsung, mainstream 3C companies including Huawei, Oppo, Vivo, and Xiaomi are actively deploying fast charging technology and become one of the biggest selling points of their marketing.
Fast charging standards accelerate uniformity and popularization Currently, fast charging standards are in the Warring States era. Many chip manufacturers and mobile phone manufacturers have introduced various charging technologies, such as Qualcomm Quick Charge 4.0/3.0 fast charging, MediaTek Pump Express fast charging, Oppo VOOC flash charging, One plus Dash fast charge, Huawei SuperCharge super fast charge, TI MaxCharge fast charge and so on.
In addition to the characteristics and advantages of these standards, the main problem is that they are fighting each other. They have certain specialities in cables and charging heads. Power chip management also has differences, lacking versatility, and popularizing fast charging. Bringing adverse effects.
Fortunately, the USB-IF (USB Developer Forum), a non-profit organization that promotes and develops USB (Universal Serial Bus), announced the latest update of USB PD (Power Delivery) 3.0, unifying the PPS of the Fast Charge Technical Specification ( Programmable Power Supply, a programmable power supply, provides a foundation for the vision of digital devices across the brand.
The latest content of USB PD (Power Delivery) 3.0 announced by USB-IF includes Qualcomm's Quick Charge 4.0/3.0, OPPO VOOC, MediaTek Pump Express 3.0/2.0, and Huawei's SuperCharge fast charging solution. At the same time, USB PPS has reached a consensus with the Tel Lab of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China, and it is expected to be unified with the national standard.
Recommended: Technical experts exclusive interpretation of USB PD fast charging technology, click "read the original" or scan the end of the QR code to [Type-C & fast charge technology forum] with the experts to learn it!
In terms of specifications, after adding PPS, USB PD 3.0 adjusts the output voltage range from 5V to 3.0V to 21V. The adjustable voltage range is 20mV, which enables low-voltage and high-current direct charge. It also does not allow the USB connection to perform voltage adjustment without the USB PD protocol. The USB PD 3.0 standard will further promote the industry to develop chips and solutions that support PPS technology. And digital devices around the world, especially smartphone users, will likely experience the convenience of unified power chargers in 2017 or later.
Previously, the Android mobile phone camp had experienced the convenience of almost all micro USB charging heads because of the EU's mandatory regulations. However, the important update of USB PD 3.0 now further includes the mobile phone fast charge, which expands the original field. In addition, Google clearly pointed out in the Android 7.0 OEM specification that fast charging must be based on USB PD, which is also a factor that forced PPS to be introduced.
The USB PD is compatible with 5V/12V/20V different charging voltages and 1.5A/2A/3A/5A different charging currents, and supports up to 100W charging power. At the same time, the USB PD can integrate the power and signal lines into the same cable. In addition to being able to charge mobile devices such as mobile phones and tablets, it can also quickly charge devices such as notebooks that were previously unable to charge via USB. USB PD sets 10W, 18W, 36W, 60W, 100W five-level charging specifications, not only charging power is strong, but also two-way charging.
USB Type-C and USB PD protocol symbiosis, is expected to unify the fast charging standard, and with the popularity of USB Type-C interface, will promote the large-scale application of fast charging technology. All digital devices such as smartphones, tablets, and laptops are expected to unify chargers and data lines.
Fast charging technology In the past ten years, digital devices, especially smart phone hardware, have developed at a rapid rate. From low-frequency single-core to high-frequency multi-core CPUs, with the rapid increase in performance, the endurance has become the largest digital device. The bottleneck.
Lithium battery technology has been basically in the same state for many years. In the case of insufficient power, how to solve the battery life problem becomes the key. The fast charging technology can be described as an innovation in the application of lithium batteries. It takes only ten minutes of charging process to reach the level of ordinary charging for about one hour, which greatly improves the charging efficiency, and also helps users to use the piecemeal time to charge digital devices. In the case that the battery capacity can not be subverted, the fast charging technology has become a round-trip strategy to solve the pain points of consumer applications.
China Information and Communication Research Institute defines fast charging as follows: the average current of charging into the battery in 30 minutes is greater than 3A or the charging power is more than 60% in 30 minutes.
Fast charging is mainly to ensure that lithium ions (Li+) are quickly embedded from the positive electrode and quickly embedded in the negative electrode, which does not cause deposition of lithium ions (Li+).
Three different implementations of fast charging technology:
(1) The voltage is constant and the current is increased;
(2) The current is constant and the voltage is raised;
(3) Both voltage and current are increased.
Fast charging is a comprehensive system of systems. The fast charging system includes fast charging standard, fast charging source adapter, interface E-marker chip, cable, digital device chip, battery and other parts. Each part must be specifically designed for different standards to achieve fast charging and to ensure safe charging.
Fast Charge Adapter: A special adapter is required to reduce the AC current to the voltage and current specified by the fast charge protocol and provide adequate safety.
Fast charging cable: It needs to be able to carry a large current of 5A or higher, and is equipped with an interface chip for identification, authentication and protection.
Digital device chip: puts higher requirements on power management ICs and processors, supports charging type selection and protection in digital device software interface.
Fast charge battery: Use special fast charging battery, the charging rate (charging current / battery power) is at least 1.5C.
Fast charging is a micro-innovation that enhances the user experience and will gradually become popular in the future. Regardless of whether it is in digital equipment or new energy vehicles, fast charging is a technology that can accelerate charging and reduce waiting time. As the industry chain matures, more and more applications will be obtained.
The challenge of fast charging technology Fast charging technology puts forward higher requirements and challenges for lithium battery materials and system components. Ensuring device security and the stability of transmitted data is extremely challenging for digital products during fast charging.
Fast charging is a comprehensive project of the system. It requires material matching, battery structure design should be changed accordingly, and it needs to match high-power charger. Not all batteries are suitable for fast charging.
Since it is fast charging, the future development direction is naturally faster than faster. The biggest development bottleneck of the low-voltage fast charging solution in the future is on the battery. The output power of the charger can be very large, but how to make the battery can withstand such a large current input is a consideration.
In addition to solving the battery problem, the high-voltage fast charging solution needs to solve the heat problem caused by fast charging in the future. For example, when the mobile phone is charged, the conversion efficiency is basically about 80%, and at most 90%, which means that 10% of the unconverted energy will become heat. This part of the heat causes the device to heat up. This may cause users to worry about security issues.
Assume that under the high-voltage fast charging scheme, the output power of the charger is increased to 70W, and the conversion loss at the step-down circuit of the mobile phone is calculated according to the loss of 10%, and the heat generation will reach 7W. And this is a very exaggerated number, and the solution is not difficult. Therefore, doing thermal management is the basic requirement for fast charging.
The essence of fast charging technology is to plug as much electricity into the lithium battery as possible, constantly challenging the physical limits of the material and design of the battery technology, and indirectly threatening the safety and life of the battery.
Fast charging is achieved through voltage and current conversion. Seeking more efficient conversion technology under the premise of ensuring safety is an industry bottleneck. If you can't guarantee safety, then efficient fast charging technology is useless.
Summary: In the limited space of digital products and battery capacity is difficult to upgrade, the use of fast charging technology is very necessary, but we need to develop fast charging technology on the basis of ensuring that the battery reliability and other factors are not affected. With the breakthrough of battery technology and mature fast charging technology, it will promote the rapid development of digital products.
Fast charging standards accelerate uniformity and popularization Currently, fast charging standards are in the Warring States era. Many chip manufacturers and mobile phone manufacturers have introduced various charging technologies, such as Qualcomm Quick Charge 4.0/3.0 fast charging, MediaTek Pump Express fast charging, Oppo VOOC flash charging, One plus Dash fast charge, Huawei SuperCharge super fast charge, TI MaxCharge fast charge and so on.
In addition to the characteristics and advantages of these standards, the main problem is that they are fighting each other. They have certain specialities in cables and charging heads. Power chip management also has differences, lacking versatility, and popularizing fast charging. Bringing adverse effects.
Fortunately, the USB-IF (USB Developer Forum), a non-profit organization that promotes and develops USB (Universal Serial Bus), announced the latest update of USB PD (Power Delivery) 3.0, unifying the PPS of the Fast Charge Technical Specification ( Programmable Power Supply, a programmable power supply, provides a foundation for the vision of digital devices across the brand.
The latest content of USB PD (Power Delivery) 3.0 announced by USB-IF includes Qualcomm's Quick Charge 4.0/3.0, OPPO VOOC, MediaTek Pump Express 3.0/2.0, and Huawei's SuperCharge fast charging solution. At the same time, USB PPS has reached a consensus with the Tel Lab of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China, and it is expected to be unified with the national standard.
Recommended: Technical experts exclusive interpretation of USB PD fast charging technology, click "read the original" or scan the end of the QR code to [Type-C & fast charge technology forum] with the experts to learn it!
In terms of specifications, after adding PPS, USB PD 3.0 adjusts the output voltage range from 5V to 3.0V to 21V. The adjustable voltage range is 20mV, which enables low-voltage and high-current direct charge. It also does not allow the USB connection to perform voltage adjustment without the USB PD protocol. The USB PD 3.0 standard will further promote the industry to develop chips and solutions that support PPS technology. And digital devices around the world, especially smartphone users, will likely experience the convenience of unified power chargers in 2017 or later.
Previously, the Android mobile phone camp had experienced the convenience of almost all micro USB charging heads because of the EU's mandatory regulations. However, the important update of USB PD 3.0 now further includes the mobile phone fast charge, which expands the original field. In addition, Google clearly pointed out in the Android 7.0 OEM specification that fast charging must be based on USB PD, which is also a factor that forced PPS to be introduced.
The USB PD is compatible with 5V/12V/20V different charging voltages and 1.5A/2A/3A/5A different charging currents, and supports up to 100W charging power. At the same time, the USB PD can integrate the power and signal lines into the same cable. In addition to being able to charge mobile devices such as mobile phones and tablets, it can also quickly charge devices such as notebooks that were previously unable to charge via USB. USB PD sets 10W, 18W, 36W, 60W, 100W five-level charging specifications, not only charging power is strong, but also two-way charging.
USB Type-C and USB PD protocol symbiosis, is expected to unify the fast charging standard, and with the popularity of USB Type-C interface, will promote the large-scale application of fast charging technology. All digital devices such as smartphones, tablets, and laptops are expected to unify chargers and data lines.
Fast charging technology In the past ten years, digital devices, especially smart phone hardware, have developed at a rapid rate. From low-frequency single-core to high-frequency multi-core CPUs, with the rapid increase in performance, the endurance has become the largest digital device. The bottleneck.
Lithium battery technology has been basically in the same state for many years. In the case of insufficient power, how to solve the battery life problem becomes the key. The fast charging technology can be described as an innovation in the application of lithium batteries. It takes only ten minutes of charging process to reach the level of ordinary charging for about one hour, which greatly improves the charging efficiency, and also helps users to use the piecemeal time to charge digital devices. In the case that the battery capacity can not be subverted, the fast charging technology has become a round-trip strategy to solve the pain points of consumer applications.
China Information and Communication Research Institute defines fast charging as follows: the average current of charging into the battery in 30 minutes is greater than 3A or the charging power is more than 60% in 30 minutes.
Fast charging is mainly to ensure that lithium ions (Li+) are quickly embedded from the positive electrode and quickly embedded in the negative electrode, which does not cause deposition of lithium ions (Li+).
Three different implementations of fast charging technology:
(1) The voltage is constant and the current is increased;
(2) The current is constant and the voltage is raised;
(3) Both voltage and current are increased.
Fast charging is a comprehensive system of systems. The fast charging system includes fast charging standard, fast charging source adapter, interface E-marker chip, cable, digital device chip, battery and other parts. Each part must be specifically designed for different standards to achieve fast charging and to ensure safe charging.
Fast Charge Adapter: A special adapter is required to reduce the AC current to the voltage and current specified by the fast charge protocol and provide adequate safety.
Fast charging cable: It needs to be able to carry a large current of 5A or higher, and is equipped with an interface chip for identification, authentication and protection.
Digital device chip: puts higher requirements on power management ICs and processors, supports charging type selection and protection in digital device software interface.
Fast charge battery: Use special fast charging battery, the charging rate (charging current / battery power) is at least 1.5C.
Fast charging is a micro-innovation that enhances the user experience and will gradually become popular in the future. Regardless of whether it is in digital equipment or new energy vehicles, fast charging is a technology that can accelerate charging and reduce waiting time. As the industry chain matures, more and more applications will be obtained.
The challenge of fast charging technology Fast charging technology puts forward higher requirements and challenges for lithium battery materials and system components. Ensuring device security and the stability of transmitted data is extremely challenging for digital products during fast charging.
Fast charging is a comprehensive project of the system. It requires material matching, battery structure design should be changed accordingly, and it needs to match high-power charger. Not all batteries are suitable for fast charging.
Since it is fast charging, the future development direction is naturally faster than faster. The biggest development bottleneck of the low-voltage fast charging solution in the future is on the battery. The output power of the charger can be very large, but how to make the battery can withstand such a large current input is a consideration.
In addition to solving the battery problem, the high-voltage fast charging solution needs to solve the heat problem caused by fast charging in the future. For example, when the mobile phone is charged, the conversion efficiency is basically about 80%, and at most 90%, which means that 10% of the unconverted energy will become heat. This part of the heat causes the device to heat up. This may cause users to worry about security issues.
Assume that under the high-voltage fast charging scheme, the output power of the charger is increased to 70W, and the conversion loss at the step-down circuit of the mobile phone is calculated according to the loss of 10%, and the heat generation will reach 7W. And this is a very exaggerated number, and the solution is not difficult. Therefore, doing thermal management is the basic requirement for fast charging.
The essence of fast charging technology is to plug as much electricity into the lithium battery as possible, constantly challenging the physical limits of the material and design of the battery technology, and indirectly threatening the safety and life of the battery.
Fast charging is achieved through voltage and current conversion. Seeking more efficient conversion technology under the premise of ensuring safety is an industry bottleneck. If you can't guarantee safety, then efficient fast charging technology is useless.
Summary: In the limited space of digital products and battery capacity is difficult to upgrade, the use of fast charging technology is very necessary, but we need to develop fast charging technology on the basis of ensuring that the battery reliability and other factors are not affected. With the breakthrough of battery technology and mature fast charging technology, it will promote the rapid development of digital products.
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