High-energy nickel-carbon supercapacitors have become a new type of power supply for electric vehicles. Academician Zhou Guotai of Beijing's General Logistics Materials Department said: "We have achieved several breakthroughs."
Zhou Guotai introduced that high-energy nickel-carbon supercapacitors first achieved breakthroughs in increasing the specific surface area of ​​materials. Traditional capacitors were invented 100 years ago. Capacitors store their charge on a specific surface area. The advantage is that they can charge and discharge many times without heating. The size of the storage capacity is determined by the size of its internal surface area. Supercapacitors, on the basis of research and development of new materials, expand the specific surface area as much as possible to increase the storage capacity. Secondly, the supercapacitors achieve breakthroughs in the material structure of positive and negative electrodes. The battery has the advantages of large storage capacity, which is converted from electrical energy into chemical energy, and then converted into electrical energy. The specific power is much higher than traditional capacitors. The supercapacitor achieves the internal constitution of the battery and the conventional capacitor in the structure, and realizes the advantages of the battery and the capacitor.
Lithium-ion batteries, not the industry's respected power? Zhou Guotai said: "The technology is still not off!" He compared the battery with a super capacitor.
First, lithium-ion batteries have potential safety hazards. Lithium-ion and organic electrolytes are inherently flammable and explosive. The electric auto auto-ignition incidents that took place in Hangzhou and Shanghai were also scary today. The supercapacitor, after being fully charged, was hit with a nail gun to make it short-circuited. No reaction was found; the flame was set on fire, and the stainless steel case burned quickly, and no explosion occurred. Lithium-ion batteries will burn or explode in the event of a short circuit.
Second, lithium-ion batteries, basically 300A current charging, long time, a charge to 6-8 hours, inconvenient to use. Supercapacitors can be charged at 1500A or even 3000A high currents. When a single cell is fully charged, it takes only a few seconds and hundreds of them are connected together in series. Up to 90% can be achieved in 6 minutes.
Third, lithium-ion battery life is short. The standard for charge and discharge is 2,000 times. There are very few that can be achieved at present. Even if it is achieved, the price/performance ratio is not practical. Super-capacitors can be charged with large currents and instantaneous large-current discharges. The effect is ideal. The charge-discharge can reach 50,000-500,000 times, and the national standard for charge-discharge is 50,000 times. He said that in the Zibo experiment, after the bus was loaded with a super capacitor, it took a full crew and went on a highway with a speed of 120 kilometers per hour and a charge of 210 kilometers. With a super-capacity car, the car can be quickly increased at a speed of up to 130 kilometers per hour.
"What do you think of the advantages of supercapacitors?" With this, Zhou Guotai asked the reporter. Everyone laughed.
Looking back at the development of electric vehicles, it is not difficult for people to figure out the weight of supercapacitors and it is not difficult to understand why the Tianjin Municipal Government has to hold a press conference.
Electric cars were born more than 100 years ago. In 1839, Scotsman Robert Anderson created the world's first "electric car." However, it is not very successful. The main reason is that the battery life is too short and the power is too small to move a very light chassis. In the late 19th century, the long-life battery was born, which promoted the further development of electric vehicles. People only saw electric-powered taxis on the streets of London, but they traveled a very short distance and had to constantly recharge their batteries at charging stations.
Robert will not expect that history will enter the 21st century. With the deepening of the global energy crisis, the depletion of oil resources and the intensification of atmospheric pollution and rising global temperatures will intensify. Governments and auto companies generally recognize that energy conservation and emission reduction are The future of automotive technology development, the development of electric vehicles has become the best way to solve these two technical difficulties. Electric vehicles have also become a focus of choice and technological competition in various countries of the world.
Some experts once estimated that global energy mineral resources are only enough to support less than 100 years; while China's oil can only support domestic consumption for 30 years, and coal can support up to 100 years. At present, 85% of gasoline and 20% of diesel oil are burned by automobiles each year in China. Undoubtedly, automobiles have become large energy consumers. The relationship between energy shortage and the development of the automotive industry is very close. If China’s per capita car ownership catches up with the United States, China’s road will run more than 600 million cars, which will exceed the total number of cars in other countries in the world. The demand for energy will be self-evident. China will surely become the largest oil-consuming and oil-importing country.
The Chinese will not forget that when Wang Jinxi, an iron man, saw the “big baggage†carried by his car in Beijing, the capital, he lacked oil and was despised!
Today, the "big baggage" on the back of the car is gone, but the city is backed by "big baggage." From the ground to see the sky, see the blue sky and white clouds, look down from the air, gray, not see the shadow of the city. Saying it is heavy, it is the shame of the nation!
It is an inevitable choice for China to examine the development of new energy vehicles from the perspective of energy and environment. And from a technical perspective, China has its own advantages.
According to relevant data, although China lags behind developed countries in the past twenty to thirty years in the field of traditional automobiles, in the field of electric vehicles, the gap between China’s and foreign technology levels and industrialization levels is relatively small, and there is an opportunity to gain important importance in this field. Seats. This also provides a historic opportunity for China’s automotive industry to achieve a leapfrog development. What is more important is that China still has a late-advantage. At present, the research and development of electric vehicles in China has already established a certain foundation. Some companies introduced electric car prototypes in the mid-1990s.
Since the "Eighth Five-Year Plan" in China, electric vehicles have been officially listed as national research projects, and investment in electric vehicles has increased significantly. More than 200 units such as automobile companies, colleges and research institutes in China have invested a large amount of human, financial and material resources to develop electric vehicles and have made a series of scientific research achievements. During the “Ninth Five-Year Plan†period, electric vehicles were included in one of the 12 major projects of the 863 Program. The National Automotive Standardization Technical Committee established a new sub-committee for the standardization of electric vehicles in 1998. In 2001, the Ministry of Science and Technology also launched a major special science and technology project for electric vehicles, so that China's electric vehicle technology and industrialization levels are on the same starting line with foreign countries.
Modern electric vehicles generally fall into three categories: pure electric vehicles (PEV), hybrid vehicles (HEV), and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV). However, in recent years, on the basis of traditional hybrid vehicles, an external plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHEV) has been derived. Currently in the world, electric vehicles have always been an emerging area where major auto groups spend a lot of money to research and develop.
However, the bottleneck restricting the development of electric vehicles is the battery. Chen Qingquan, chairman of the World Electric Vehicle Association, said at the 2011 China Changchun International Automobile Forum that currently there are two obvious shortcomings in China's electric vehicle battery technology: The first drawback is the lack of deep-level technologies. Such as battery chemistry, physical issues, temperature issues, structural issues, etc. In these areas we have not enough research and development, have not been able to establish mathematical models to clarify these issues; another drawback is the lack of evaluation system. For example, how safe the battery is, and whether it can work normally in high temperature and low temperature environment, these are not a good evaluation.
According to information, electric vehicles have relatively high requirements for batteries. Batteries must have high specific energy, high specific power, fast charging, and deep discharge. The cycle and service life are long. Lead-acid batteries, although their specific energy, specific power and energy density are relatively low, but the high cost-effectiveness makes them widely used, but brings serious environmental problems. Nickel-cadmium batteries and nickel-metal hydride batteries have better performance than lead-acid batteries, but their cost-effectiveness is high. They contain heavy metals and are difficult to recycle after use. If they are abandoned, the environment will be seriously polluted.
At present, more and more researchers use lithium-ion batteries as power batteries for electric vehicles. However, the defects of these batteries are very obvious.
"We have developed a supercapacitor for the various battery defects." Zhou Guotai paused and said that the technical advantages of this capacitor were previously stated. Therefore, it has successfully passed the results appraisal organized by Tianjin Science and Technology Commission.
High-energy nickel-carbon supercapacitors, ordinary people can afford to use experts, said that at present, almost all people think that electric vehicles are the future development trend, but there are indications that electric vehicles are still far away from us. However, electric bicycles have swept the country, raising a few kilograms of batteries every day to go upstairs and downstairs, which is not uncommon in residential areas. What about electric cars?
To this end, some scholars published articles that raised various concerns and questions about electric vehicles. It is said that electric vehicles are immature on the battery, and it is said that any batteries such as atomic batteries, polymer batteries, fuel cells, and lithium-ion batteries are not environmentally friendly, and various arguments have been heard.
All kinds of doubts and concerns are also normal. Scientific and technological innovation is precisely in the middle of questioning and innovation. Saying, Zhou Guotai stood up from the couch: “In the process of developing electric vehicles, there are various concerns that are understandable. The battery problem has stuck the neck of an electric car. This is also true.†He raised his fingers , say the bus, a bus, take 100 kilometers, if you use oil 30 liters, according to 8 yuan 1 liter, to 240 yuan; and electricity, take 100 kilometers. With electricity at 70 degrees, an average of 6 cents per kilowatt hour is 42 yuan. Or use electricity. Therefore, the development of electric vehicles should not be shaken!
Lithium-ion batteries are also taken as an example. Compared with supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries cost 70,000 yuan and are charged 2,000 times. Each charge is calculated according to 100 kilometers. 200,000 kilometers will need to be replaced; supercapacitors will also be charged. After traveling 100 kilometers, it can be charged 50,000 times, even up to 100,000 times, 500,000 times, the price of super capacitors is not higher than lithium-ion batteries. After the supercapacitor is recycled, it can be used after the material is reactivated. Calculate how low the overall cost is! In this way, will the people be able to afford it?
The production of super capacitors is environmentally friendly. You can go to the production base of 1 million per year in Zibo. The production workshop has only one floor drain. It is used to clean the sanitary flushes. The entire production process does not generate waste water and waste gas. No pollution emissions. Also worry about environmental issues?
Zhou Guotai introduced that high-energy nickel-carbon supercapacitors first achieved breakthroughs in increasing the specific surface area of ​​materials. Traditional capacitors were invented 100 years ago. Capacitors store their charge on a specific surface area. The advantage is that they can charge and discharge many times without heating. The size of the storage capacity is determined by the size of its internal surface area. Supercapacitors, on the basis of research and development of new materials, expand the specific surface area as much as possible to increase the storage capacity. Secondly, the supercapacitors achieve breakthroughs in the material structure of positive and negative electrodes. The battery has the advantages of large storage capacity, which is converted from electrical energy into chemical energy, and then converted into electrical energy. The specific power is much higher than traditional capacitors. The supercapacitor achieves the internal constitution of the battery and the conventional capacitor in the structure, and realizes the advantages of the battery and the capacitor.
Lithium-ion batteries, not the industry's respected power? Zhou Guotai said: "The technology is still not off!" He compared the battery with a super capacitor.
First, lithium-ion batteries have potential safety hazards. Lithium-ion and organic electrolytes are inherently flammable and explosive. The electric auto auto-ignition incidents that took place in Hangzhou and Shanghai were also scary today. The supercapacitor, after being fully charged, was hit with a nail gun to make it short-circuited. No reaction was found; the flame was set on fire, and the stainless steel case burned quickly, and no explosion occurred. Lithium-ion batteries will burn or explode in the event of a short circuit.
Second, lithium-ion batteries, basically 300A current charging, long time, a charge to 6-8 hours, inconvenient to use. Supercapacitors can be charged at 1500A or even 3000A high currents. When a single cell is fully charged, it takes only a few seconds and hundreds of them are connected together in series. Up to 90% can be achieved in 6 minutes.
Third, lithium-ion battery life is short. The standard for charge and discharge is 2,000 times. There are very few that can be achieved at present. Even if it is achieved, the price/performance ratio is not practical. Super-capacitors can be charged with large currents and instantaneous large-current discharges. The effect is ideal. The charge-discharge can reach 50,000-500,000 times, and the national standard for charge-discharge is 50,000 times. He said that in the Zibo experiment, after the bus was loaded with a super capacitor, it took a full crew and went on a highway with a speed of 120 kilometers per hour and a charge of 210 kilometers. With a super-capacity car, the car can be quickly increased at a speed of up to 130 kilometers per hour.
"What do you think of the advantages of supercapacitors?" With this, Zhou Guotai asked the reporter. Everyone laughed.
Looking back at the development of electric vehicles, it is not difficult for people to figure out the weight of supercapacitors and it is not difficult to understand why the Tianjin Municipal Government has to hold a press conference.
Electric cars were born more than 100 years ago. In 1839, Scotsman Robert Anderson created the world's first "electric car." However, it is not very successful. The main reason is that the battery life is too short and the power is too small to move a very light chassis. In the late 19th century, the long-life battery was born, which promoted the further development of electric vehicles. People only saw electric-powered taxis on the streets of London, but they traveled a very short distance and had to constantly recharge their batteries at charging stations.
Robert will not expect that history will enter the 21st century. With the deepening of the global energy crisis, the depletion of oil resources and the intensification of atmospheric pollution and rising global temperatures will intensify. Governments and auto companies generally recognize that energy conservation and emission reduction are The future of automotive technology development, the development of electric vehicles has become the best way to solve these two technical difficulties. Electric vehicles have also become a focus of choice and technological competition in various countries of the world.
Some experts once estimated that global energy mineral resources are only enough to support less than 100 years; while China's oil can only support domestic consumption for 30 years, and coal can support up to 100 years. At present, 85% of gasoline and 20% of diesel oil are burned by automobiles each year in China. Undoubtedly, automobiles have become large energy consumers. The relationship between energy shortage and the development of the automotive industry is very close. If China’s per capita car ownership catches up with the United States, China’s road will run more than 600 million cars, which will exceed the total number of cars in other countries in the world. The demand for energy will be self-evident. China will surely become the largest oil-consuming and oil-importing country.
The Chinese will not forget that when Wang Jinxi, an iron man, saw the “big baggage†carried by his car in Beijing, the capital, he lacked oil and was despised!
Today, the "big baggage" on the back of the car is gone, but the city is backed by "big baggage." From the ground to see the sky, see the blue sky and white clouds, look down from the air, gray, not see the shadow of the city. Saying it is heavy, it is the shame of the nation!
It is an inevitable choice for China to examine the development of new energy vehicles from the perspective of energy and environment. And from a technical perspective, China has its own advantages.
According to relevant data, although China lags behind developed countries in the past twenty to thirty years in the field of traditional automobiles, in the field of electric vehicles, the gap between China’s and foreign technology levels and industrialization levels is relatively small, and there is an opportunity to gain important importance in this field. Seats. This also provides a historic opportunity for China’s automotive industry to achieve a leapfrog development. What is more important is that China still has a late-advantage. At present, the research and development of electric vehicles in China has already established a certain foundation. Some companies introduced electric car prototypes in the mid-1990s.
Since the "Eighth Five-Year Plan" in China, electric vehicles have been officially listed as national research projects, and investment in electric vehicles has increased significantly. More than 200 units such as automobile companies, colleges and research institutes in China have invested a large amount of human, financial and material resources to develop electric vehicles and have made a series of scientific research achievements. During the “Ninth Five-Year Plan†period, electric vehicles were included in one of the 12 major projects of the 863 Program. The National Automotive Standardization Technical Committee established a new sub-committee for the standardization of electric vehicles in 1998. In 2001, the Ministry of Science and Technology also launched a major special science and technology project for electric vehicles, so that China's electric vehicle technology and industrialization levels are on the same starting line with foreign countries.
Modern electric vehicles generally fall into three categories: pure electric vehicles (PEV), hybrid vehicles (HEV), and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV). However, in recent years, on the basis of traditional hybrid vehicles, an external plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHEV) has been derived. Currently in the world, electric vehicles have always been an emerging area where major auto groups spend a lot of money to research and develop.
However, the bottleneck restricting the development of electric vehicles is the battery. Chen Qingquan, chairman of the World Electric Vehicle Association, said at the 2011 China Changchun International Automobile Forum that currently there are two obvious shortcomings in China's electric vehicle battery technology: The first drawback is the lack of deep-level technologies. Such as battery chemistry, physical issues, temperature issues, structural issues, etc. In these areas we have not enough research and development, have not been able to establish mathematical models to clarify these issues; another drawback is the lack of evaluation system. For example, how safe the battery is, and whether it can work normally in high temperature and low temperature environment, these are not a good evaluation.
According to information, electric vehicles have relatively high requirements for batteries. Batteries must have high specific energy, high specific power, fast charging, and deep discharge. The cycle and service life are long. Lead-acid batteries, although their specific energy, specific power and energy density are relatively low, but the high cost-effectiveness makes them widely used, but brings serious environmental problems. Nickel-cadmium batteries and nickel-metal hydride batteries have better performance than lead-acid batteries, but their cost-effectiveness is high. They contain heavy metals and are difficult to recycle after use. If they are abandoned, the environment will be seriously polluted.
At present, more and more researchers use lithium-ion batteries as power batteries for electric vehicles. However, the defects of these batteries are very obvious.
"We have developed a supercapacitor for the various battery defects." Zhou Guotai paused and said that the technical advantages of this capacitor were previously stated. Therefore, it has successfully passed the results appraisal organized by Tianjin Science and Technology Commission.
High-energy nickel-carbon supercapacitors, ordinary people can afford to use experts, said that at present, almost all people think that electric vehicles are the future development trend, but there are indications that electric vehicles are still far away from us. However, electric bicycles have swept the country, raising a few kilograms of batteries every day to go upstairs and downstairs, which is not uncommon in residential areas. What about electric cars?
To this end, some scholars published articles that raised various concerns and questions about electric vehicles. It is said that electric vehicles are immature on the battery, and it is said that any batteries such as atomic batteries, polymer batteries, fuel cells, and lithium-ion batteries are not environmentally friendly, and various arguments have been heard.
All kinds of doubts and concerns are also normal. Scientific and technological innovation is precisely in the middle of questioning and innovation. Saying, Zhou Guotai stood up from the couch: “In the process of developing electric vehicles, there are various concerns that are understandable. The battery problem has stuck the neck of an electric car. This is also true.†He raised his fingers , say the bus, a bus, take 100 kilometers, if you use oil 30 liters, according to 8 yuan 1 liter, to 240 yuan; and electricity, take 100 kilometers. With electricity at 70 degrees, an average of 6 cents per kilowatt hour is 42 yuan. Or use electricity. Therefore, the development of electric vehicles should not be shaken!
Lithium-ion batteries are also taken as an example. Compared with supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries cost 70,000 yuan and are charged 2,000 times. Each charge is calculated according to 100 kilometers. 200,000 kilometers will need to be replaced; supercapacitors will also be charged. After traveling 100 kilometers, it can be charged 50,000 times, even up to 100,000 times, 500,000 times, the price of super capacitors is not higher than lithium-ion batteries. After the supercapacitor is recycled, it can be used after the material is reactivated. Calculate how low the overall cost is! In this way, will the people be able to afford it?
The production of super capacitors is environmentally friendly. You can go to the production base of 1 million per year in Zibo. The production workshop has only one floor drain. It is used to clean the sanitary flushes. The entire production process does not generate waste water and waste gas. No pollution emissions. Also worry about environmental issues?
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