At present, electronic integration technology has been widely used in automobiles. Electronic fuel injection systems, electronically controlled automatic transmission systems, electric control systems, and electronically controlled suspension systems have emerged. The electronic control system consists of three parts: the electronic control unit (ECU), sensors and actuators. The working process is that the ECU passes the data parameters fed back by the sensor, and the operation issues an instruction to the actuator to achieve the purpose of accurately controlling the operation of the assembly.
The ECU consists of three parts: the input circuit, the microcomputer and the output circuit. It is a hybrid circuit consisting of an integrated membrane circuit combined with additional discrete components (such as capacitor resistors and IC components) that are connected to the circuit by surface mount devices. This kind of circuit board is called "module", also known as "building block", which is similar to the sound card and graphics card plug-in board in home computer. In modern cars, the electronic control system for different functional assemblies consists of different modules. Therefore, in general, high-end cars have several modules, which will transfer information to each other and better coordinate the work under the ECU's calculation. In order to simplify the system and improve efficiency, some cars integrate several functionally matched assembly modules to achieve large system modularization.
A typical example is the PCM integrated powertrain control module of the Shanghai Buick sedan, which is the control center for the V6 engine and the 4T65E automatic transmission. The power output of the entire car is controlled by this PCM module. It is mounted below the dashboard and continuously collects information from various sensors, including fuel metering systems, ignition timing, and automatic transmission systems. At the same time, it processes dozens of signal parameters and directly commands all the work of the engine and transmission through electromagnetic injectors, fuel pumps, ignition coils, exhaust gas recirculation valves, relays and other actuators. Precise control of air and fuel entering the engine's cylinders optimizes the engine's overall fuel combustion process and exhaust emissions, as well as the engine's power and economy.
At the same time, according to the speed and load of the car, the automatic shifting process of the transmission is automatically hydraulically controlled, so that the automatic shifting and the increase and decrease of the vehicle speed can be completed in an instant. Since the power system control module is composed of independent hardware and software, different softwares can be adapted to different types of engine systems with corresponding hardware, which greatly improves the variant ability of Buick.
At present, Buick sedan has a total of 7 modules with network functions. In addition to the power system control module (PCM) described above, there are also electric control module (EBCM), airbag control module (SDM), and air conditioning control module. (HVAC), Body Control Module (BCM), Instrument Assembly Module (Cluster) and CD and Radio and Video Control Module (Radio).
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